Goldeneye (duck)

Goldeneye
	Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Merginae
Genus:	Bucephala; S.F. Baird, 1858
Type species
	Anas albeola (bufflehead); Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	Bucephala albeola; Bucephala clangula ; Bucephala islandica
Synonyms
	Glaucionetta; Charitonetta; see text

Bucephala is a genus of diving ducks found in the Northern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus Bucephala was introduced in 1858 by American naturalist Spencer Baird with the bufflehead as the type species.^[1]^[2] The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek βουκέφαλος bouképhalos, meaning 'bullheaded', from boûs 'bull', and kephalḗ, 'head', a reference to the crest of the bufflehead making its head look large.^[3]

The bufflehead was formerly treated as the only member of the genus (sometimes unnecessarily changed to Charitonetta) while the goldeneyes were incorrectly placed in Clangula (as Clangula americana), the genus of the long-tailed duck, which at that time was placed in Harelda.^[4] It may yet be correct to recognise two genera, as the bufflehead and the two goldeneyes are well diverged. In this case, Bucephala would be restricted to B. albeola and the name Glaucionetta (Stejneger, 1885) resurrected for the goldeneyes.

Species

The three living species are:^[5]

Genus **Bucephala** – S.F. Baird, 1858 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Common goldeneye Male Female	Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies B. c. clangula (Linnaeus, 1758) B. c. americana (Bonaparte, 1838)	Widespread in North America and Eurasia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Barrow's goldeneye Male Female	Bucephala islandica (Gmelin, JF, 1789)	North America and Iceland	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Bufflehead Male Female	Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus, 1758)	North America south to Mexico	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Known fossil taxa are:

Bucephala cereti (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary - Late Pliocene of Chilhac, France)^[6]
Bucephala ossivalis (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Bone Valley, United States)^[7], which was very similar to the common goldeneye and may even have been a paleosubspecies or direct ancestor^{[citation needed]}
Bucephala angustipes (Early Pleistocene of central Europe)^[8]
Bucephala sp. (Early Pleistocene of Dursunlu, Turkey)^[9]

Bucephala fossilis (Late Pleistocene of California, United States) is now considered an extinct subspecies of the Bufflehead.^[10]

References

^ Baird, Spencer F. (1858). Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean made under the direction of the secretary of war in 1853-1856. Vol. 9 Birds. Washington: Beverly Tucker, printer. pp. xxiii, L, 788, 795.
^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 594.
^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Report of the National conference on utilization of forest products. New national museum, Washington, DC, November 19 and 20, 1924. Issue 13. US Govt. print. off. 1925.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
^ Boeuf, O.; Mourer-Chauviré, C. (1992). "Les Oiseaux des Gisements d'Age Pliocène Supérieur de Chilhac, Haute Loire, France". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences II. 314: 1091–1096.
^ Brodkorb, P. (1955). "The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation". Florida Geological Survey, Report of Investigations (14): 1–57.
^ Jánossy, D. (1965). "Vogelreste aus den altpleistozänen Ablagerungen von Voigtstedt in Thüringen". Paläonologische Abhandlungen Abt. A Paläozoologie. 2: 337–359.
^ Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark; White, Tim D. (1998). "L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie". Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences IIA. 327 (5): 341–346.
^ Daniel A., Guthrie (2010). "Avian material from Rancho del Oro, a Pleistocene locality in San Diego County, California". Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 109 (1): 1–7. doi:10.3160/0038-3872-109.1.1.

External links

Common Goldeneye at Birdzilla

[1] Baird, Spencer F. (1858). Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean made under the direction of the secretary of war in 1853-1856. Vol. 9 Birds. Washington: Beverly Tucker, printer. pp. xxiii, L, 788, 795.

[2] Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 594.

[3] Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[4] Report of the National conference on utilization of forest products. New national museum, Washington, DC, November 19 and 20, 1924. Issue 13. US Govt. print. off. 1925.

[ioc-5] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[6] Boeuf, O.; Mourer-Chauviré, C. (1992). "Les Oiseaux des Gisements d'Age Pliocène Supérieur de Chilhac, Haute Loire, France". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences II. 314: 1091–1096.

[7] Brodkorb, P. (1955). "The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation". Florida Geological Survey, Report of Investigations (14): 1–57.

[8] Jánossy, D. (1965). "Vogelreste aus den altpleistozänen Ablagerungen von Voigtstedt in Thüringen". Paläonologische Abhandlungen Abt. A Paläozoologie. 2: 337–359.

[9] Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark; White, Tim D. (1998). "L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie". Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences IIA. 327 (5): 341–346.

[10] Daniel A., Guthrie (2010). "Avian material from Rancho del Oro, a Pleistocene locality in San Diego County, California". Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 109 (1): 1–7. doi:10.3160/0038-3872-109.1.1.

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